Acrodermatitis Enteropathica or Zinc Deficiency

Category: generalpediatrics-Dermatology

Findings: scaly erythematous rash, alopecia, diarrhea, failure to thrive

Notes: Due to zinc deficiency.

Question: What fits these findings?

Dermatomyositis

Category: generalpediatrics-Dermatology

Findings: violaceous rash in malar area, Grottons papules, proximal muscle weakness, elevated CK, initially treated with corticosteroids

Notes: Diagnose with muscle biopsy.

Question: What fits these findings?

Erythema Multiforme

Category: generalpediatrics-Dermatology

Findings: target-like lesions on palms and soles, mucous involvement, resolve spontaneously

Notes: Mostly commonly caused by HSV, but may be caused by other viruses and Mycoplasma.

Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum

Category: generalpediatrics-Dermatology

Findings: red patches in newborn, pustules, papules with surrounding erythema, eosinophils on microscopy

Erythrasma

Category: generalpediatrics-Dermatology

Findings: reddish plaque on axilla, seen sometimes on groins and breasts, caused by Cornebacterium minutissimum

Notes: Treat with topical erythromycin, clindamycin, or azole cream. For extensive rash, treat with oral erythromycin or clarithromycin.

Granuloma Annulare

Category: generalpediatrics-Dermatology

Findings: pruritic circular lesion, non-scaly but otherwise looks like ringworm, may be autoimmune related

Notes: Unlike tinea infection, it is not scaly. Treat with corticosteroids. Exact etiology not understood.

Question: What fits these findings?

Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia

Category: generalpediatrics-Dermatology

Findings: decreased sweating, peg teeth, linear skin lesions, delayed tooth eruption

Ichthyosis Vulgaris

Category: generalpediatrics-Dermatology

Findings: white scaly nonerythematous rash on extensor surfaces, improves in humid climates, hyperlinear palms and soles, treated with emollients and keratolytics

Question: Which disease is associated with these findings?

Incontinentia Pigmentia

Category: generalpediatrics-Dermatology

Findings: X-linked dominant, strabismus, delayed eruption of peg-shaped tooth, patterned blistering on extremities

Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome

Category: generalpediatrics-Dermatology

Findings: large congenital vascular tumors, thrombocytopenia, consumption of coagulative factors, bleeding

Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome

Category: generalpediatrics-Dermatology

Findings: port wine stain, unilateral limb overgrowth, varicose veins

Notes: Capillary malformations.

Question: Which disease is associated with these findings?

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Category: generalpediatrics-Dermatology

Findings: papular eczematous rash in inguinal folds, diabetes insipidus, diagnosed by skin biopsy, treated by chemotherapy, lytic bone lesion

Question: Which disease is associated with these findings?

McCune-Albright Syndrome

Category: generalpediatrics-Dermatology

Findings: irregular cafe-au-lait spots, precocious puberty, bone deformities, short stature

Question: What fits these findings?

Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Category: generalpediatrics-Dermatology

Findings: optic nerve gliomas, lisch nodules in iris, scoliosis, many cafe-au-laits spots, axillary or inguinal freckling

Notes: Needs to have six or more cafe au lait spots that are greater than 5 mm prepubertal and 15 mm postpubertal.

Question: Which disease is associated with these findings?

Neurofibromatosis Type 2

Category: generalpediatrics-Dermatology

Findings: acoustic schwannomas, cataracts, meningiomas

Nevus Simplex

Category: generalpediatrics-Dermatology

Findings: stork bite or salmon patch often on back of neck and eyelids, fades with time

Notes: Is a collection of immature capillaries. Also called angel kisses.

Phaces Syndrome

Category: generalpediatrics-Dermatology

Findings: ataxia, hemangioma, cerebrovascular arterial abnormality, coarctation, strabismus, sternal defect

Notes: PHACES: posterior fossa abnormality, hemangioma, arterial anomalies, cardiac anomalies, eye anomalies, sternal defect.

Question: Which syndrome is associated with these findings?

Pityriasis Alba

Category: generalpediatrics-Dermatology

Findings: hypopigmented patches on face and trunk, accentuated after bathing or swimming

Question: What fits these findings?

Port Wine Stain

Category: generalpediatrics-Dermatology

Findings: rash seen in Sturge Weber, unilateral, pink to dark red, associated with glaucoma

Notes: Capillary malformations. With Sturge Weber, may see seizures and developmental delays.

Pyoderma Gangrenosum

Category: generalpediatrics-Dermatology

Findings: necrotic ulcers, associated with autoimmune diseases, treated with systemic steroids

Staphylococcus Scalded Skin Syndrome

Category: generalpediatrics-Dermatology

Findings: painful erythematous rash, large thin blisters, lesions not in eyes or mouth but around, fever

Notes: Differentiate against SJS or TEN which may be in the eyes or mouth

Question: What fits these findings?

Stevens Johnson Syndrome

Category: generalpediatrics-Dermatology

Findings: skin sloughing, mucous membrane involvement, often caused by sulfa antibiotics and anti-seizure medications

Notes: Treat supportively and monitor for internal organ damage.

Transient Neonatal Pustular Melanosis

Category: generalpediatrics-Dermatology

Findings: newborn with hyperpigmented macules, pustules, neutrophils on microscopy

Tuberous Sclerosis

Category: generalpediatrics-Dermatology

Findings: ash leaf spots, shagreen patches, angiofibromas, infantile spasms, cardiac rhabdomyomas, cortical tubers, renal angiomyolipomas

Notes: Autosomal dominant

Question: What fits these findings?

Vitamin B7 (biotin) deficiency

Category: generalpediatrics-Dermatology

Findings: rash, alopecia, ataxia, coma, lactic acidosis

Question: Which vitamin deficiency is associated with these findings?