Findings: small for gestational age, thin upper lip, smooth philtrum, midface hypoplasia, clinodactyly, ASD, VSD
Notes: Anti-seizure medications may cause similar findings but do not generally cause SGA, ASD, or VSD
Question: What substance exposure causes these findings?
Cluster Headache
Category: generalpediatrics-Pharmacology
Findings: oxygen, triptans
Notes: Calcium channel blockers and topiramate are used to prevent cluster headaches. NSAIDs and acetaminophen typically do not alleviate cluster headaches.
Question: What kind of headache is acute alleviated with these treatments?
Notes: Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms is a non-IgE mediated reaction that often occurs weeks after starting anticonvulsants, minocycline, allopurinol, and beta-lactam antibiotics. It may cause end-organ damage to kidneys and liver. No IgE symptoms seen such as urticaria or tongue swelling.
Isotretinoin
Category: generalpediatrics-Pharmacology
Findings: small head-ears-eyes-jaw-thymus, cardiac defects, hydrocephalus
Question: What substance exposure causes these findings?
Magnesium Sulfate
Category: generalpediatrics-Pharmacology
Findings: neonatal hypocalcemia
Notes: May not easily respond to calcium gluconate
Question: What substance exposure causes these findings?
Oral steroid
Category: generalpediatrics-Pharmacology
Findings: treatment for idiopathic urticaria unresolved by oral antihistamine
Phenytoin
Category: generalpediatrics-Pharmacology
Findings: nail hypoplasia, large anterior fontanelle, hypertelorism, depressed nasal ridge, cleft palate
Question: What substance exposure causes these findings?
Prostaglandin (PGE)
Category: generalpediatrics-Pharmacology
Findings: hypotension, bradycardia, apnea
Question: Which class of medication used to treat some neonates with cyanosis has the following adverse effects?
Valproic Acid
Category: generalpediatrics-Pharmacology
Findings: spinda bifida, small mouth and chin, midface hypoplasia
Notes: Carbamazepine exposure causes similar findings with spinal and facial deformities in neonates
Question: What substance exposure causes these findings?
Vitamin A
Category: generalpediatrics-Pharmacology
Findings: transposition of the great arteries
Question: What substance exposure causes these findings?